Russia produced Russia has emerged as a world leader in fast neutron reactor technology and is steadily expanding its nuclear energy capacity. The nation retired Unit 2 of the Leningrad 1 reactor in South Korea Kori nuclear power plant in South Korea is one of the biggest operating nuclear power plants in the world by capacity. South Korea has 24 nuclear reactors in operation, with a combined Most of its reactors are located in the south-eastern part of the country, near the cities of Gyeongju, Ulsan, and Busan.
The densely populated region is the major hub of electricity demand as it houses several heavy manufacturing plants. South Korea generated TWh of nuclear energy in , becoming the sixth biggest nuclear energy-producing country in the world.
The nation has four nuclear reactors Shin Hanul 1 and 2 and Shin Kori 5 and 6 under construction with a combined 5. Credit: Chuck Szmurlo. Canada has four nuclear power plants with a total of 19 nuclear reactors in operation with a The country generated All the nuclear power plants in Canada feature Canadian Deuterium-Uranium CANDU reactors, which are pressurised heavy water reactors that utilise natural uranium as fuel and heavy water as a coolant and moderator.
Credit: RLuts. Ukraine has 15 operable nuclear reactors with a combined net installed capacity of Ukraine produced The country is highly dependent on nuclear energy and receives most of its nuclear fuel and services from Russia. It is proactively purchasing fuel from Westinghouse, a company based in the US, to reduce its dependence on Russia. In , the Russian government set an energy goal of doubling nuclear power generation by To reach that goal, Russia is attempting to build an additional 28 reactors in the coming decades.
In addition, Russia has been aggressive at exporting its nuclear technology. Even so, France remains a leader in nuclear energy technology, currently building the state-of-the-art Flamanville 3 Reactor and exporting the technology to other countries. With currently running reactors, the United States nearly doubles the next nation on this list. O riginally developed in response to the ballooning cost of the Manhattan Project — federal officials wanted researchers to find a civilian use for the technology — nuclear energy matured in the s, as nearly every current reactor in the United States began construction by the middle of the decade.
In , the Three Mile Island accident halted further nuclear expansion and the only improvements in capacity for the next 30 years came by way of improved efficiency at existing plants.
In , nuclear moved back to the forefront, when work began on the first of five newly approved reactors at existing power plants. Planned additions to the nuclear grid could supply an additional 7, MW of power in the coming years. For you. World globe An icon of the world globe, indicating different international options. Get the Insider App. Click here to learn more. A leading-edge research firm focused on digital transformation.
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Harrison Jacobs. Czech Republic. United Kingdom. South Korea. The management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste is straightforward from technical and scientific perspectives. However, it can be publicly and politically controversial. Currently, many nations have management strategies in place or under development. The EU also specifies that export of nuclear waste to countries outside the EU will be allowed only under strict conditions.
Finland has built a repository for low- and intermediate-level nuclear waste and is currently building a repository for spent nuclear fuel WNA c ; Sweden is planning a repository for spent nuclear fuel WNA f ; and the U. Nuclear newcomers are increasingly negotiating fuel take-back arrangements with suppliers. Nonetheless, creation and management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste as well as transport of radioactive materials are still perceived as significant risks by some members of the public and consequently by some governments.
This policy brief discussed the main factors that nations have considered when deciding their policies on nuclear power. In summary, policy drivers can include the following. Individual nations have considered and may consider all, some or none of these factors and will weigh them according to their own needs and beliefs.
Given the range of factors that affect nuclear power policy in individual countries, it is difficult to accurately predict the global future of nuclear power. However, it is is broadly expected that nuclear power usage to will likely increase in developing countries and Eastern Europe, but slowly decrease in the U. Bloomberg China air pollution kills 4, people a day: Researchers.
European Environment Agency: Data and maps. In: International Energy Agency. AKW-Standortgemeinden sagen wuchtig Nein. Climate Change Conference in Paris. Share on. From economic to environmental to sociological to geopolitical—there are many factors that influence a nation's policies on nuclear power.
Projection of Economic and Political Influence Geopolitical considerations have a definite effect on the economics of nuclear power. Increasing Demand for Energy and Ensuring Continuity of Supply As populations increase so does their demand for energy. Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Defense Policy There is global interest in preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Air Quality Severe air pollution, found in major developing world cities like Beijing and New Delhi, incurs large healthcare costs and lost productivity for nations, as well as health impacts for citizens WHO ; WHO Technology Advances Currently, a considerable multilateral effort is directed at developing the next generation of nuclear reactors e. Sociopolitical Factors Local Support Data show that the perceived risks associated with nuclear power and nuclear reactors drop with familiarity.
Nuclear Waste Disposal The management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste is straightforward from technical and scientific perspectives. For example, the EU Council Directive on Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management Euratom requires that EU countries: Have a national policy Draw up national programs for the disposal of nuclear waste, including plans for the construction of nuclear waste disposal facilities Provide relevant information on nuclear waste to the public Invite international peer reviews at least every ten years The EU also specifies that export of nuclear waste to countries outside the EU will be allowed only under strict conditions.
Concluding Comments This policy brief discussed the main factors that nations have considered when deciding their policies on nuclear power. Economic factors including: the type of domestic electricity markets a nation has or is encouraging, domestic reserves and resources, subsidies etc. The necessity to service the electricity needs of a rapidly expanding population.
The intent of a nation to ensure diversity or security of electricity supply. Katherine Smith is the director of the environmental research institute of the supervising scientist for the Australian Government. In , Smith was a visiting scholar at the Kleinman Center. More Like This.
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